Coral+Reef

Coral Reef: Rylee

//(Luidia foliorlata)// //(Astropecton verrilli)// //**predators**// - Triton Trumpet (Charonia tritonis) - Harelquin Shrimp (Hymenocera elegans) - Reef Crab (Trapezia)
 * //Brittle Star Fish//**

- approximantly 2,000 species - brittle stars are more colorful and active - often seen at night - avoid a predator by coming out at night - have jointed arms that are supported by vertebrae-like structure - differ from asteroids; asteroids use their tube feet in movement, brittle stars dont have suckers on feet but able to walk up smooth sufaces (fish tanks)
 * Facts**

- all in oceans and depths - live generally on rocks, stones, and coral on bottom of ocean - very numerous in one location (some places may have hundreds to thousands of them in one place)
 * Live**

- disc-shape body and long jointed arms (tube feet never have suckers on them.) - move by pushing themselves along the substrate - digestive system that is imcomplete (meaing that it only has on opening) - either a carnivore or deposit feeder
 * In order to be an Ophiuroidea:**



//(Ophiocoma echinata)// //(Ophioderma rubioundum)// - birds - sea otters - humans who collect them
 * //Sea Stars//**
 * Predators**

- shen they lose an arm, it grows back - when eating, sea stars may turn its stomach inside out to reach into shell of prey. - they eat: snails, urchins, sea anemones, etc. - nickname: starfish - they detect light with 5 purple eyespots at end of each arm - orange spot called madreporite (pumps water into sea stars body) - produce 2,500,000 eggs (females will feel plump and spongy when arms are full of eggs) - in one week, they can devour over 50 clams. - 1,800 species
 * Facts**

- rocky shores - tide pools - dock pillings - bay bottoms
 * Habitat**

//Sea Cucumbers// - sea turtles - crustaceans - humans - invertebrate animals - the biggest one is the tigersO's tail which can reach up to 2 m long (most are only 20 cm long) - life span of 5 - 10 years - they are the only class that is soft body rather than hard - their mouth and anus are located at seperate ends of their elongated body, which is also not typical in echinodermates. - they are so different than other echinodermates that they may even be considered as worms. - they reproduce asexually and sexually - up to 16 inch in size - dead and decaying organic material, algae, and tiny plankton -live in all marine environments
 * Predators**
 * Facts**
 * Eat**
 * Habitat**
 * -**most diverse in tropical shallow-water coral reefs



//(Straurocalyptus)// //(Oopsacas minuta)//
 * Phyla #2: Porifera**
 * Hexactinellida**
 * //Glass Sponge//**
 * glass sponges are hard to research because they live in the depths of the ocean

- sexual reproduction (releasing sperm cells into the water to fertilize ova that in some species are released and in others are retained by the "mother") - the fertilized eggs form larvae which swim off in search of places to settle. - a few species reproduce by budding
 * Reproduction**

-sponges live typically in quiet, calm clear waters, because sediment stirred up by waves or currents would block their pores and make it difficult to feed and breathe. - the greatest number of sponges live on rocks but sometimes they attach themselves to soft sediments - sponges are more abundant but less diverse in temperate waters than in tropical waters because prey are more abundant in tropical waters. -glass sponges are the most common in polar waters and in the depths of temperate and tropical seas. - Antarctic, southern New Zealand, British Columbia, and a few caves in the Mediterranean
 * Habitats**

- Nudibranch molluscs
 * Predators**

do they get along with each other? - yes, they do because they reproduce with each other and rely on each other for food.

//Demospongiae// //(Weberella verrucosa)// //(Mycale serrulata)//